Base Units:
Kilograms – Mass
Meter – Length
Second – Time
Mole – Count
Kelvin – Temperature
Amp – Electric Current
Candela – Luminous Intensity
Derived SI Units:
Joule – Energy
Newton – Force
Pascal – Pressure
Volts – Voltage
Hertz – Frequency
Coulomb – Electric Charge
Prefixes added to the names of the SI base units are used to represent quantities that are larger or smaller than the base units.
Prefixes:
T – Tera - 10^12
G – Giga – 10^9 *
M – Mega - 10^6 *
k – Kilo - 10^3 *
h – Hecto – 10^2
D – Deka - 10^1
d – Deci – 10^-1 *
C – Centi – 10^-2*
m – Milli – 10^-3*
μ – Micro – 10^-6*
n – Nano – 10^-9 *
p - Pico – 10^-12 *
f – Femto - 10^-15
a – Atto – 10^-18
*=probably need to know for the final
Others are there just in case
Vocabulary Stuff to know: Quantity – something that has magnitude, size, or amount. SI – Worldwide measurement system consisting of seven base units, additional units are derived from the base units. Volume – the amount of space occupied by a 3-D object. Density – how much stuff is in an area Area - amount of space occupied by a 2-D object Length – distance from one point to another Width – how far across an object is Depth – how deep an object is Height – how tall an object is Mass – how much measures the quantity of matter Weight – measure of gravitational pull on matter
Scientific Method:
1. Observe: watch, measure, and experiment
2. Formulate a Hypothesis: predict and infer
3. Testing: predict, test, talk, collect data, measure
4. Theorizing: make models predict talk and stuff
5. Publish Results: go back to 3 to validate (if necessary).
Percent Error- how to determine how accurate your answer is
Equation: What you got minus the right answer X 100
The right answer
Then absolute value if y (make it positive if necessary) it and put a percent next to it (can and will go over 100%)
Accuracy and Precision
Accuracy- the closeness of a set of measurements to the correct or accepted value (a bunch of stuff that’s pretty close to being right)
Precision – closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity in the same way (a bunch of measurements that are really close to each other)
SIG FIGS (significant figures):
Significant Figures in a measurement consist of all of the digits known with certainty plus one digit, which is somewhat uncertain or estimated.
Why? Because in measuring stuff you might see it differently than other people.
When not to: definite numbers that cannot be misread.
Rules:
1. Zeros appearing in between non zeros are always significant
2. Zeros before never are significant
3. Zeros at the end of a number and to the right of a decimal point are significant
4. Zeros at the end of a number but to the left of a decimal point may or may not be significant. If a zero has not been measured or estimated but is just a place holder it is not significant. When there is a decimal point at the end then they are significant (eg 3000
1 sig fig 3000.
4 sig figs)
5. round to the even if the last number is five otherwise round normally
6. When adding and subtracting decimals, the answer must have the same number of digits to the right of the decimal point as there are in the measurement with the fewest.
7. When multiplying and dividing, the answer can have no more sig figs than are in the measurement with fewest number of sig figs.
Scientific notation: number written like 1.6055 x 104
1. first number must be between 1-10
2. if it has more use a decimal point
3. omit the zeros at the end
4. times it by 10x the number of places it would take it to return to normal
Directly proportional: two numbers are directly proportional if one divides evenly into the other.
Represented by y/x=k or y=kx
Inversely Proportional is written like xy=k or y=1/x
Practice problems:
Give amount of SIG FIGs for the following numbers:
1. 300.076
2. 50600
3. 910,000.0
4. 74.0550
Tell whether the following examples are accuracy, precision, both, or neither:
1. A rifle target with 5 tightly packed shots inside the bull’s-eye.
2. A target with 15 shots evenly spread around the circumference.
3. 15 shots widely spread, missing the target.
Find percent error:
1. Carmelo Anthony takes 10 jumps shots, you predict he hits 6, he ends up hitting 9.
2. You predict there are 456 jelly beans in a jar, there are actually 789.
Answer Key:
SIG FIGS Questions:
6 SIG FIGS
3 SIG FIGS
7 SIG FIGS
5 SIG FIGS
Accuracy / Precision Questions:
1. Both
2. Accuracy
3. Neither
Chapter 2!
(Our pictures didn't work)Base Units:
Kilograms – Mass
Meter – Length
Second – Time
Mole – Count
Kelvin – Temperature
Amp – Electric Current
Candela – Luminous Intensity
Derived SI Units:
Joule – Energy
Newton – Force
Pascal – Pressure
Volts – Voltage
Hertz – Frequency
Coulomb – Electric Charge
Prefixes added to the names of the SI base units are used to represent quantities that are larger or smaller than the base units.
Prefixes:
T – Tera - 10^12
G – Giga – 10^9 *
M – Mega - 10^6 *
k – Kilo - 10^3 *
h – Hecto – 10^2
D – Deka - 10^1
d – Deci – 10^-1 *
C – Centi – 10^-2*
m – Milli – 10^-3*
μ – Micro – 10^-6*
n – Nano – 10^-9 *
p - Pico – 10^-12 *
f – Femto - 10^-15
a – Atto – 10^-18
*=probably need to know for the final
Others are there just in case
Vocabulary Stuff to know:
Quantity – something that has magnitude, size, or amount.
SI – Worldwide measurement system consisting of seven base units, additional units are derived from the base units.
Volume – the amount of space occupied by a 3-D object.
Density – how much stuff is in an area
Area - amount of space occupied by a 2-D object
Length – distance from one point to another
Width – how far across an object is
Depth – how deep an object is
Height – how tall an object is
Mass – how much measures the quantity of matter
Weight – measure of gravitational pull on matter
Scientific Method:
1. Observe: watch, measure, and experiment
2. Formulate a Hypothesis: predict and infer
3. Testing: predict, test, talk, collect data, measure
4. Theorizing: make models predict talk and stuff
5. Publish Results: go back to 3 to validate (if necessary).
Percent Error- how to determine how accurate your answer is
Equation:
What you got minus the right answer X 100
The right answer
Then absolute value if y (make it positive if necessary) it and put a percent next to it (can and will go over 100%)
Accuracy and Precision
Accuracy- the closeness of a set of measurements to the correct or accepted value (a bunch of stuff that’s pretty close to being right)
Precision – closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity in the same way (a bunch of measurements that are really close to each other)
SIG FIGS (significant figures):
Significant Figures in a measurement consist of all of the digits known with certainty plus one digit, which is somewhat uncertain or estimated.
Why? Because in measuring stuff you might see it differently than other people.
When not to: definite numbers that cannot be misread.
Rules:
1. Zeros appearing in between non zeros are always significant
2. Zeros before never are significant
3. Zeros at the end of a number and to the right of a decimal point are significant
4. Zeros at the end of a number but to the left of a decimal point may or may not be significant. If a zero has not been measured or estimated but is just a place holder it is not significant. When there is a decimal point at the end then they are significant (eg 3000
1 sig fig 3000.
4 sig figs)5. round to the even if the last number is five otherwise round normally
6. When adding and subtracting decimals, the answer must have the same number of digits to the right of the decimal point as there are in the measurement with the fewest.
7. When multiplying and dividing, the answer can have no more sig figs than are in the measurement with fewest number of sig figs.
Scientific notation: number written like 1.6055 x 104
1. first number must be between 1-10
2. if it has more use a decimal point
3. omit the zeros at the end
4. times it by 10x the number of places it would take it to return to normal
Directly proportional: two numbers are directly proportional if one divides evenly into the other.
Represented by y/x=k or y=kx
Inversely Proportional is written like xy=k or y=1/x
Practice problems:
Give amount of SIG FIGs for the following numbers:
1. 300.076
2. 50600
3. 910,000.0
4. 74.0550
Tell whether the following examples are accuracy, precision, both, or neither:
1. A rifle target with 5 tightly packed shots inside the bull’s-eye.
2. A target with 15 shots evenly spread around the circumference.
3. 15 shots widely spread, missing the target.
Find percent error:
1. Carmelo Anthony takes 10 jumps shots, you predict he hits 6, he ends up hitting 9.
2. You predict there are 456 jelly beans in a jar, there are actually 789.
Answer Key:
SIG FIGS Questions:
Accuracy / Precision Questions:
1. Both
2. Accuracy
3. Neither
Percent Error answers:
1. 300 Percent
2. 33,300 Percent